The Desktop Publishing DTP Computer Science Essay

The Desktop Publishing DTP Computer Science Essay Refers to the use of computers to design and publish books, brochures, newsletters, magazines and other printed pieces. DTP is really a combination of several different processes including word processing, graphic design, information design, output and pre-press technologies, and sometimes image manipulation. DTP centers around a page layout program. Typically, a layout program is used to import Texts created in word processing programs; Charts and graphs from Spreadsheet programs; drawings and illustrations created in CAD, Drawing or paint program is then used to combine and arrange them all on a page. It is this ability to manipulate so many different items and control how they are used that makes layout software so popular and useful. However, modern word processors also have publishing capabilities, meaning the line separating such programs from DTP software is becoming less clear. in general, though, powerful new publishing systems use high-quality scalable fonts and give you control over typographic features such as Kerning(adjusting the spaces between letters to achieve even, consistent spacing). Another key feature of DTP software is text flow the ability to put text around graphic objects in a variety of ways. Once composed, DTP documents are printers on a laser printer or on a high resolution imageaetter. for transfer to a commercial printer, their native page layout format (such as Adobe inDesing or QuarkXpress) or as PDF files. PDF stands for Portable Document Format and allows people to view, search and print documents exactly as the publisher intended, you don ´t need to have the software and the fonts used to create it. History Desktop publishing began in 1985 with the introduction of  Mac Publisher, the first  WYSIWYG  layout program, which ran on the original 128K  Macintosh  computer. (Desktop  typesetting, with only limited page makeup facilities, had arrived in 1978-9 with the introduction of   Text, and was extended in the early 1980s by  Latex.) The DTP market exploded in 1985 with the introduction in January of the  Apple  LaserWriter  printer, and later in July with the introduction of  PageMaker  software from  Aldus  which rapidly became the DTP industry standard software. The ability to create  WYSIWYG  page layouts on screen and then  print  pages at crisp 300  dpi  resolution was revolutionary for both the typesetting industry and the personal computer industry. Newspapers and other print publications made the move to DTP-based programs from older layout systems like  Atex  and other such programs in the early 1980s. The term desktop publishing is attributed to  Aldus Corporation  founder  Paul Brainerd[1], who sought a marketing catch-phrase to describe the small size and relative affordability of this suite of products in contrast to the expensive commercial  phototypesetting  equipment of the day. By the standards of today, early desktop publishing was a primitive affair. Users of the PageMaker-LaserWriter-Macintosh 512K system endured frequent software crashes, the Macs tiny 512 x 342 1-bit black and white screen, the inability to control  letter spacing,  kerning  (the addition or removal of space between individual characters in a piece of typeset text to improve its appearance or alter its fit) and other  typographic features, and discrepancies between the screen display and printed output. However, it was a revolutionary combination at the time, and was received with considerable acclaim. Behind-the-scenes technologies developed by  Adobe Systems  set the foundation for professional desktop publishing applications. The LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus printers included high quality, scalable Adobe  PostScript-fonts built into their  ROM  memory. The LaserWriters  PostScript  capability allowed publication designers to proof files on a local printer then print the same file at DTP  service bureaus  using  optical resolution  600+ ppi PostScript-printers such as those from  Linotronic. Later, the  Macintosh II  was released which was much more suitable for desktop publishing because of its larger, color screen, support for multiple displays, greater RAM capacity and its  SCSI  storage interface which allowed fast, high-capacity hard drives to be attached to the system. Although Macintosh-based systems would continue to dominate the market, in 1986, the  GEM-based  Ventura Publisher  was introduced for  MS-DOS  computers. While PageMakers pasteboard metaphor closely simulated the process of creating layouts manually, Ventura Publisher automated the layout process through its use of tags/style sheets  and automatically generated indices and other body matter. This made it suitable for manuals and other long-format documents. Desktop publishing moved into the home market in 1986 with  Professional Page  for the  Amiga,  Publishing Partner  (now Page Stream) for the  Atari ST, GSTs  Timeworks Publisher  on the PC and Atari ST and  Calamus  for the  Atari TT030. Even for 8-bit computers like the  Apple II  and  Commodore 64  software was published: Home Publisher,  The Newsroom  and  geo Publish. During these early years, desktop publishing acquired a bad reputation from untrained users who created poorly-organized  ransom note effect  layouts criticisms that would be levied again against early  web  publishers a decade later. However, some were able to realize truly professional results. For example,  .info magazine  became the very first desktop-published, full-color, newsstand magazine in the last quarter of 1986, using a combination of Commodore  Amiga  computers, Professional Page desktop publishing software, and an  Agfa  Graphics typesetter.[2] Often considered a primary skill, increased accessibility to more user-friendly DTP software has made DTP a secondary skill to  art direction,  graphic design,  denvelopment, marketing,  administrative careers  and advanced high school literacy in thriving economies. DTP skill levels range from what may be learned in a few hours (e.g. learning how to put clip art in a word processor) to what requires a college education and years of experience (e.g.  advertising agency  positions). The discipline of DTP skills range from technical skills such as  prepress production  and  programming  to creative skills such as  communication design  and  graphic image development. Terminology There are two types of pages in desktop publishing,  electronic pages  and virtual paper pages to be printed on  physical paper pages. All computerized documents are technically electronic, which are limited in size only by  computer memory  or  computer data storage  space. Virtual paper pages will ultimately be  printed, and therefore require paper parameters that coincide with  international standard physical paper sizes  such as A4, letter, etc., if not custom sizes for trimming. Some desktop publishing programs allow custom sizes designated for large format printing used in  posters,  billboards  and  trade show displays. A virtual page for printing has a predesignated size of virtual printing material and can be viewed on a monitor in  WYSIWYG  format. Each page for printing has trim sizes (edge of paper) and a printable area if  bleed printing  is not possible as is the case with most  desktop printers. A  web page  is an example of an electronic page that is not constrained by virtual paper parameters. Most electronic pages may be dynamically re-sized, causing either the  content  to scale in size with the page or causing the  content to re-flow. Master pages are templates used to automatically copy or link elements and graphic design styles to some or all the pages of a multipage document. Linked elements can be modified without having to change each instance of an element on pages that use the same element. Master pages can also be used to apply graphic design styles to automatic page numbering. Page layout  is the process by which the elements are laid on the page orderly, aesthetically, and precisely. Main types of components to be laid out on a page include  text, linkedimages  that can only be modified as an external source, and embedded images that may be modified with the layout application software. Some embedded images are  rendered  in the application software, while others can be placed from an external source image file. Text may be  keyed  into the layout, placed, or (with  database publishing  applications) linked to an external source of text which allows multiple editors to develop a document at the same time. Graphic design styles such as color, transparency, and filters, may also be applied to layout elements.  Typography  styles may be applied to text automatically with  style sheets. Some layout programs include style sheets for images in addition to text. Graphic styles for images may be border shapes, colors, transparency, filters, and a parameter designating the way text flows around the object called wraparound or runaround. Comparisons With word processing While desktop publishing software still provides extensive features necessary for print publishing, modern word processors now have publishing capabilities beyond those of many older DTP applications, blurring the line between  word processing  and desktop publishing. In the early days of  graphical user interfaces, DTP software was in a class of its own when compared to the fairly Spartan word processing applications of the time. Programs such as Word Perfect  and  WordStar  were still mainly text-based and offered little in the way of page layout, other than perhaps margins and line spacing. On the other hand, word processing software was necessary for features like indexing and spell checking, features that are common in many applications today. As computers and operating systems have become more powerful, vendors have sought to provide users with a single application platform that can meet all needs. With other electronic layout software In modern usage, DTP is not generally said to include tools such as  TeX  or  troff, though both can easily be used on a modern desktop system and are standard with many  Unix-like operating systems and readily available for other systems. The key difference between electronic  typesetting  software and DTP software is that DTP software is generally interactive and WYSIWYG  in design, while older electronic typesetting software tends to operate in  batch mode, requiring the user to enter the processing programs markup language manually without a direct visualization of the finished product. The older style of typesetting software occupies a substantial but shrinking niche in  technical writing  and textbook publication; however, since much software in this genre is freely available, it can be more cost-effective than the professionally-oriented DTP systems. It is also particularly suitable for corporate newsletters or other applications where consistent, automated layout is important. One of the early and comprehensive reference books on the art of Desktop Publishing is Desktop Publishing For Everyone by K.S.V. Menon. This publication deals with virtually every facet of publishing and nearly all tools available as at the time of the publishing of this book in the year 2000. It is currently out of print. There is some overlap between desktop publishing and what is known as  Hypermedia  publishing (i.e. Web design, Kiosk, CD-ROM). Many graphical  HTML editors  such as  Microsoft FrontPage  and  Adobe Dreamweaver  use a layout engine similar to a DTP program. However, some Web designers still prefer to write HTML without the assistance of a WYSIWYG editor, and only resort to such software, if at all, solely for complex layout that cannot easily be rendered in hand-written HTML code. DTP applications Adobe FrameMaker Adobe InDesign Adobe PageMaker CorelDRAW Corel Ventura iStudio Publisher Microsoft Office Publisher OpenOffice PageStream  (used to be Publishing Partner) QuarkXPress Ready,Set,Go Scribus Serif page plus

Movie Response – Oklahoma Featuring Hugh Jackman

1. The central conflict of the musical ‘Oklahoma’ is concerned with the complicated love relationship of the two protagonists, Curly and Laurey. While they evidently fancy each other, they are reluctant to admit it openly. They are afraid that their affair will be talked about all around the town. As young people in love often behave, they are teasing each other by flirting with others. Curly asks Laurey to go with him to the Box Social, yet Laurey decides to go with Jud (who can be regarded as the antagonist). At the Box Social, Curly outbids Jud for Laurey’s baskets, and the young couple acknowledges their feeling towards each other. Conflict resolution occurs when drunk Jud comes to the wedding ceremony of Curly and Laurey and puts up a fight but accidentally stubs himself with his own knife. The people at the wedding stage a quick trial and decide that Curly is not guilty of what has happened. After it, the young couple goes on a honeymoon. While the relationship of Curly and Laurey is the central conflict of the musical, there is also another love story that contributes to the plot development. Will is in love with Ado Annie, yet upon his return from the Kansas City, he discovers that she is flirting with Ali Hakim, a peddler man. Yet Ali doesn’t have any plans to marry Ado Annie, while her father takes everything too seriously and threatens to shoot him if he doesn’t propose. However, after the Box Social, when Ali’s intentions to stay a bachelor become far too evident, Will and Ado Annie talk freely about their relationship. Finally, another implicit conflict in the plot is the division between farmers and cowboys. While these divisions are presented in a funny and lighthearted way, farmers and cowboys represent two different communities, and the any pretext can be used to start a brawl. When two communities come together to raise money for a schoolhouse is an interim resolution of this conflict. 2. Characters of Curly and Laurey are very graphically depicted in the musical. Their relationship is complicated, yet so is their emotional life. This is specifically true for Laurey who at times finds herself trapped in the confusion of her feelings. At the beginning, Laurey seems slightly too self-confident and stubborn: when Curly asks her to be his company at the Box Social, she doubts whether he is good enough for her. This image is further developed in the ‘Many a New Day’ scene: she sings that she will never be too upset if her man is gone; she’ll find a new love instead. She is confident of her beauty and her charm; she is sure that when she buys a new dress and brushes her hair, she’ll be able to start over a new leaf. However, this image of a self-confident girl who doesn’t take her love life seriously is questioned in the scene when Laurey dreams about getting married to Curly, but the image of Jud penetrates her dream. In this episode, Laurey is presented as a sensitive and vulnerable girl who cannot make up her mind but wants a happy love life. As for Curly, in the opening scene he is portrayed as an optimistic and buoyant guy with a good sense of humor: he sings of corn as high as an elephant's eye and the cattle are standing like statues. He is determined to win Laurey’s affection and is hurt by her refusal to go to the Box Social with him. In the episode when he asks her out, he is presented as a creative and romantic young man as he promises his honey that he’ll take her out in the surrey with the fringe on top with a team of snow-white horses. As the plot develops, a darker side of Curly’s personality is revealed. When he comes to the Smokehouse, consumed with jealousy and the pain from being rejected, he dreams of Jud being dead. Yet he decides to take a more constructive approach, and sells everything he has to outbid Jud for Laurey’s basket at the Box Social. Both Curly and Laurey are too preoccupied with what other people think about their nascent relationship; they don’t want neighbors to gossip all day behind their doors. But when everything works out well, Curly rejoices and claims publicly that Laurey is his girl. Hugh Jackman and Josefina Gabrielle both makes believable Curly and Laurey. However, if I dare voice a personal opinion, Hugh Jackman’s performance is slightly superior to that of Josefina Gabrielle. It can be perhaps explained by the fact that the character of Curly is more integral and consistent, while Gabrielle could have done a better job revealing two different sides of Laurey’s characters, hard and soft one. 3. To my mind, the song that best serves the purpose of revealing the character is the ‘Lonely Room.’ It gives a valuable insight into the inner world of Jud. It clearly identifies his motivation for getting Laurey: he cannot stand being in his room, all alone, without a girl to hold. The song probably suggests that it’s not so much about Laurey as about his unwillingness to be on her own anymore. While Jud should be best seen as an antagonist in the musical, the song serves to generate sympathy towards him. He spent so many long and lonely nights in his room that he deserves his own love. The song also gives a sense of Jud’s determination and impatience: instead of dreaming of Laurey, he wants to go outside and get her immediately. 4. Apart from serving a purely aesthetical purpose, the Dream Ballet also plays a foreshadowing role. In her dreams, Laurey is getting married to Curly; both look beautiful in their wedding costumes and happy to unite with each others. Yet this idyllic scene is devastated when Jud appears seemingly from nowhere. His costume and appearance both hint that he is not the one Laurey should be with; it reflects the feeling of insecurity Laurey experience by Jud’s side. The choreography of the ballet also represents the build-up of the tension between Curly and Jud; it ends abruptly when Curly is killed by the hatred and aggression Jud emanates. The theme of the ballet is connected with two dimensions of the first major theme of the musical (i.e. the power of love). First of all, people in love should acknowledge their feelings to each other openly, and girls should look for the right man for them. If it isn’t happening, and girls toy with the feelings of other men, the power of love can turn into a destructive and dangerous force. The ballet helps to advance the plot in two different ways: first of all, it serves the purpose of foreshadowing future events; secondly, it shows what a nightmare scenario will be like so that the viewer feel emotionally relieved upon the happy end. 5. There are two predominant themes of the film: the first one concerns the issue of true love and its power, and the second one is connected with the separation of public and private. The essence of the first theme is fairly clear-cut: both Curly/Laurey and Will/Ado Anne end up together despite the girls’ hesitation and flirt with other men. The film also suggests that girls should be honest with themselves and look for a man that has serious intentions. The power of love is also presented with a dramatic touch: it can grant happiness, but can also lead to tragic consequences, like Jud’s death. The second theme is also implicitly present throughout the whole story. While love is a private matter, people always take the opinion of family and community into account. Curly and Laurey are well-aware of the fact that they love each other, yet they don’t want their relationship to be discussed by everybody. Similar is true about Ado Annie’s affair with Ali: the father intervenes into their relationship with the intent to make Ali marry his daughter. All these facts exemplify that the line between public and private is blurred. 6. I enjoyed watching ‘Oklahoma,’ but it would hardly make it the list of my favorite films. While both camera work and actors’ performance are great, there are certain limitations. The passages from comic to tragic are too abrupt, and certain characters lack in-depth elaboration. However, keeping in mind that it’s a complicated and challenging task to adapt a musical for screen, Trevor Nunn did a fairly good job. References Oklahoma. Dir. Trevor Nunn. Image Entertainment, 1999.

Singapore Telecommunications Limited ( Singtel ) Essay

Singapore Telecommunications Limited (SingTel) is one of the main leading communications groups in Asia which provides a scope for telecommunication products and services in term of fixed line, internet, mobile and pay TV. Headquartered in Singapore with over 130 years working operating experiences, SingTel has built up itself as the largest telecommunication provider in Singapore and the second largest in Australia by market share while at the same time the group is also long term strategic investor in six regional mobile operators. These accomplishments have offer SingTel some assistance with keeping its quick pace in the best approach to accomplish its corporate vision which is to be Asia Pacific s best multimedia solution groups(Singtel.com 2010). In Singapore, increased competition and quick changing business environment has been seen as the business sector is opening up to more service providers. A standout amongst the most powerful new items is the Next Generation National Br oadband Network which includes with ultra-fast speed network access to the business and private client. Furthermore, SingTel has made the right moves by turning into the fiber service provider. This study goes for instituting a commonsense promoting arrangement on the new fiber services for the term of 2011-2013 which incorporates the setting of marketing objectives, procedure, strategy, tactical plans as well as the proposed sale forecast and budget plans together with control and feedbackShow MoreRelatedSingapore Telecommunications Limited ( Singtel ) Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Singapore Telecommunications Limited (SingTel) is one of the main leading communications groups in Asia which provides a scope for telecommunication products and services in term of fixed line, internet, mobile and pay TV. 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Headquartered in Singapore with over 130 years working operating experiences, SingTel has built up itself as the largest telecommunication provider in Singapore and the second largest in Australia by market share while at the same time the group is also long term strategic investor in six regional mobile operators. These accomplishments have offer SingTel some assistance with keeping its quick pace in the best approach to accomplish its corporate vision which is to be Asia Pacific s best multimedia solution groups(Singtel.com 2010). In Singapore, increased competition and quick changing business environment has been seen as the business sector is opening up to more service providers. A standout amongst the most powerful new items is the Next Generation National Br oadband Network which includes with ultra-fast speed network access to the business and private client. Furthermore, SingTel has made the right moves by turning into the fiber service provider. 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Violent Video Games Cause Our Youth - 1596 Words

The debate of whether violent video games cause our youth to become increasingly violent to each other is getting more complicated as time goes on. Games are readily available to all ages and come to us in various shapes and forms. Our youth is exposed to all kinds of material with the evolution of games and how they are portrayed to the youth. Video games have desensitized our youth, they have given them justification to some of their actions, and have pushed some to commit atrocities against mankind. Video games do promote violence to our youth but at what cost? If one of these atrocities occur, the media and internet take arms to blame video games for the individual’s actions and right away say that video games are the motive behind their actions. Each country around the world use a different system to rate their video game, this would be the little black and white tag you see on the cover of a game with a boldface letter of some sort. Some countries are stricter with how they rate games by not allowing anyone under a certain age to purchase the desired video game. In America, we use the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) and this dictates what some children can and cannot play. The restrictions range from early childhood all the way to adult only; however, a lot of children get possession of such games that are out of their rating is usually because of a parent, sibling or a third-party source such as a garage sale. Video games are becoming increasingly realisticShow MoreRelatedVideo Games And Youth Violence1181 Words   |à ‚  5 PagesOver the past few centuries,video games have become a great leisure and hobby among kids of all ages and cultures. With the advancement of technology, video games have advanced highly in its realism and genres. This high type of advancement brought the video game industry to a multi-billion dollar industry. However, with realism, comes negative effects as well. Ever since the creation of violent or â€Å"mature† video games, there has been a constant debate on whether it will increase violence in theRead MoreDo Violent Video Games Make People More Violent?1277 Words   |  6 PagesDo Violent Video Games Make People More Violent in Real Life? The American Psychological Association reports that more than 90% of children in the United States play video games.Among kids between the ages of 12 and 17, the number rises to 97%. The psychological group also reported that 85% or more of video games on the market contain some form of violence (Do Video Games Lead to Violence). A video game may be considered violent if it contains â€Å"violent† language, gore/blood, and crime. Video gamesRead MoreEssay on Effects Of Video Games On Youth877 Words   |  4 Pages Excessive video game playing has been a problem with today’s youth they have had more influences over the youth than ever before. That brings to my attention a question, how do video games affect the youth of our society? Excessive video game playing, especially violent video games, can lead to youth violence, a decrease in academic success and many other negative things. I realize that some parents believe that they can be good for children, I agree but I also disagree in some cases. Some parentsRead MoreViolence in Television, Movies, and Video Games Should Not Be Censored1653 Words   |  7 PagesVIOLENCE IN TELEVISION, MOVIES, AND VIDEO GAMES SHOULD NOT BE CENSORED Television, movies, and video games have a great influence on the minds of todays youth. But, what exactly are the effects of such an influence? Certain people have exaggerated the effects that these media have on todays youth. Many people, including government officials, have singled out these three media sources as the cause of some types of violence simply because it is an easy target for laying the blame. The truth isRead MoreViolent Video Games Lead to Violence Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagesbecoming more violent. Some worry that certain aspects of our technology, including the intenseness of violent video games, are affecting the violence among America’s youth, while others don’t see this as an issue at all. A study done in 2004, Factors Correlated with Violent Video Games Use by Adolescent Boys and Girls, reported that boys in grades seventh and eighth played violent video games to either release their anger or help them relax. According to the suggestion that v ideo games act as a stressRead MoreEssay about Media Violence1541 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve that the use of violent media, particularly video games, play a huge role in the downward trend of behavior and attitude of youth, and that this behavior continues to spiral out of control. However, other researchers believe that since violence has been occurring since the beginning of time, that adolescence are as capable today of violence, as they were a thousand years ago. Research has been found to link violent maladaptive behavior to the use of video games, but other researchersRead MoreBanning Violent Video Games On Children1545 Words   |  7 Pages Banning Violent Video Games A child is killing police officers. A teenager is hiring prostitutes to potentially kill them. He is using weapons such as guns, chainsaws, and knives to kill and commit horrible crimes. Thousands of children and teens participate in these actions daily. How? Violent Video games such as Doom, Call of Duty, and Grand Theft Auto are just a few of the games that are full of these awful actions. The Harvard Mental Health Letter states, â€Å"The Pew Research Center reportedRead MoreVideo Games and Their Role in Violence and Bullying Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagesalike both say that the reason their youth and children are showing these attitudes is the violent, mature video games that the children play on their media device. However, many people say that there are other reasons that children show aggressive behavior and why they become bullies to other children. I believe that there are other reasons than video games that cause a child to become disobedient and unruly. There ar e many studies that show that video games are not the reason behind the youth’sRead MoreDo Video Games Inspire Violent Behavior?1713 Words   |  7 Pageseffects of violent video games and the development of today’s youth. Many people believe that the violence in video games promotes aggression. According to Doctor Brad Bushman’s article, Do Violent Video Games Increase Aggression? he claims that violent video games leads to aggression because it is interactive process that teaches and rewards violent behavior. Yet others believe that this not the case. Gregg Toppo of the Scientific American, writes in his article, â€Å"Do Video Games Inspire Violent BehaviorRead MoreShould Violent Video Games Be Ban? Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesViolent video game had been a problem in the Unite States. Many people believe that violent video games should be banned, claiming they have negative effects on people.Violent video game is not like the real-world. Video games hav e become not only a form of entertainment, but also another way for people to escape reality and to enter their own virtual fantasy. James Gee explains that, if you blame violent video games for horrific events that have occurred is much like putting the blame on food for